RESUMO
Las tubas uterinas (TU) son órganos tubulares fundamentales en la reproducción humana. No obstante, recién a mediados del siglo XVII con las investigaciones de Reinier De Graaf se comienza a develar su verdadera función en la reproducción. En este trabajo se resumen las principales contribuciones de Horacio Croxatto Avoni al conocimiento de la morfología y fisiología de la TU humana. Sus principales aportes tienen relación con la fisiología del transporte del cigoto y los gametos a lo largo de la TU.
The uterine tubes (UT) are fundamental tubular organs in human reproduction. However, it was not until the middle of the 17th century that Reinier De Graaf's research began to reveal its true role in reproduction. In this work the main contributions of Horacio Croxatto Avoni toward the knowledge of the morphology and physiology of the human UT are summarized. Its main contributions are related to the physiology of zygote transport and gametes throughout the UT.
Assuntos
História Antiga , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Fisiologia/história , Tubas Uterinas , Anatomia/históriaRESUMO
Estradiol (E2) accelerates oviductal egg transport through nongenomic pathways involving oviductal protein phosphorylation in non-mated rats, and through genomic pathways in mated rats. Here we investigated the ability of cervico-vaginal stimulation (CVS) to switch the mode of action of E2 in the absence of other male-associated components. Pro-estrous rats were subjected to CVS with a glass rod and 12 hours later were injected subcutaneously with E2 and intrabursally with the RNA synthesis inhibitor Actinomycin D or the protein phosphorylation inhibitor H-89. The number of eggs in the oviduct, assessed 24 h later, showed that Actinomycin D, but not H-89 blocked the E2-induced egg transport acceleration. This clearly indicates that CVS alone, without other mating-associated signals, is able to shift E2 signaling from nongenomic to genomic pathways. Since mating and CVS activate a neuroendocrine reflex that causes iterative prolactin (PRL) surges, the involvement of PRL pathway in this phenomenon was evaluated. Prolactin receptor mRNA and protein expression in the rat oviduct was demonstrated by RT-PCR and Western blot, but their levels were not different on day 2 of the cycle (C2) or pregnancy (P2). Activated ST AT 5a/b (phosphorylated) was detected by Western blot on P2 in the ovary, but not in the oviduct, showing that mating does not stimulate this PRL signalling pathway in the oviduct. Other rats subjected to CVS in the evening of pro-estrus were treated with bromoergocriptine to suppress PRL surges. In these rats, H-89 did not block the E2-induced acceleration of egg transport suggesting that PRL surges are not essential to shift E2 signaling pathways in the oviduct. We conclude that CVS is one of the components of mating that shifts E2 signaling in the oviduct from nongenomic to genomic pathways, and this effect is independent of PRL surges elicited by mating.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Tubas Uterinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte do Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Dactinomicina/farmacologia , Ciclo Estral , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Tubas Uterinas/fisiologia , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sulfonamidas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de la infección por chlamydia trachomatis en una población con problemas de la reproducción. Diseño: estudio descriptivo epidemiológico realizado entre julio de 1997 y junio de 1998. Material: A 140 parejas con problemas de reproducción, atendidas en la Unidad de Reproducción Humana del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins de EsSalud, se les tomó muestra endocervical (mujeres) o uretral (hombres) para detección de clamidia. Medidas de estudios: Detección de presencia de chlamydia trachomatis por método de inmunofluorescencia directa, IgG e IgA. Resultados: Al estudio de antígeno de clamidia por inmunofluorescencia directa, 122 (43,6 por ciento) pacientes fueron positivos, en 59,8 por ciento en ambos miembros de la pareja. La mayoría de los pacientes no presentó síntomas, en 23 por ciento no hubo alteración del espermatograma, a pesar de ser positivo a clamidia y, en las mujeres, la mayoría mostró alteraciones tubáricas a la laparoscopia y un 12 por ciento microvesículas en la serosa. Conclusión: La prevalencia de infección por clamidia en parejas con infertilidad en nuestro medio es alta, lo que debe ser considerado en los protocolos de manejo en reproducción, para diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como para tomar medidas adecuadas de prevención.